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Peek material hardness3/2/2024 PEEK also has a tensile strength of 90–100 MPa, making its structural strength advantageous to its applications within the body. The material’s structural and mechanical properties are valuable with PEEK having considerable ductility, resistance to large deformative flows of compressive forces and uniaxial tension testing, a density of 1.32 g/cm 3, and strong strain and fatigue resistance. This was demonstrated strongly by a recent study investigating PEEK total-knee-replacement (TKR) devices versus Cobalt-chrome TKR devices in which it was found the PEEK material decreased stress shielding by 55%. Furthermore, the closer Young’s Modulus of PEEK and bone when compared to Titanium has been shown to reduce stress shielding and bone resorptive effects which may lead to implant failure. PEEK elastic modulus (3–4GPa) is close to that of bone and therefore PEEK is considered a viable option (other than the current gold standard titanium) for the construction of implants for large bone defect repair and dental implants. This means medical imaging scans such as Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging (MRI) or Computerised-Tomography (CT) do not affect its structure or create artefacts on imaging advantageous over other biomaterials such as Titanium. PEEK’s implant radiolucency inside the body is beneficial as it demonstrates high resistance to electron beam and gamma radiation. Poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) is a high-temperature thermoplastic polymer which demonstrates excellent chemical resistance to solvents except highly concentrated acids and is considered insoluble in biological fluids. These challenges encouraged the development of tissue engineering by utilising alloplastic grafts to address the problems. There is also no aesthetically satisfactory donor site for critical-sized, geometrically complex craniofacial defects. However, autologous grafts have drawbacks such as limited supply, donor site comorbidity, and unpredictable resorption during healing. The gold standard reconstructive treatment is autologous bone transplantation. Tissue defects resulting from neoplasm removal, trauma, or congenital disease can cause functional impairment and psychological disorder to a patient.
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